Build it · interactive puzzle

Build a Toilet Tank: Fill Valve, Flapper and Chain

Most running toilets and slow drips come down to a handful of parts inside the tank: the fill valve, the flapper and its chain, the refill tube and two nuts under the tank. Each one only works if it goes in the right order and is set right. This figure is a puzzle. Drag the eight parts into a cutaway tank, set each one, then press Flush. A good build empties the tank, the flapper seals, the tank refills to 1 inch below the overflow and the bowl is topped up. A bad one keeps running, flushes weak or drips under the tank, and the figure tells you why.

Why does my toilet keep running after it fills?

Usually the water is set too high and runs over the top of the overflow tube, or the flapper isn't sealing because the chain is too tight, the flapper is worn or it's seated crooked. Lower the float so the water stops about 1 inch below the overflow, and give the chain about 1/2 inch of slack.

How to play

  • Drag a part from the pegboard onto the toilet. A green ring means it can go there now; red means another part has to go in first.
  • Tap a fitted part to set it: the fill valve's float, the locknut and supply nut (tight or loose), and the chain's slack.
  • Press Flush to test. The message under the figure names every problem it finds.
  • Use Hint for the next step, Reset to start over, or Watch it built to see the right order. The parts list under the figure does everything without dragging.

What the puzzle teaches

  1. The fill valve's cone (shank) washer seals the hole in the tank floor from the inside; without it the tank leaks round the shank.
  2. The tank locknut and the supply line's coupling nut go on by hand, then about a quarter turn more. Overtightening can crack the china or strip plastic threads.
  3. Set the water level about 1 inch below the top of the overflow tube, or at the line marked in the tank.
  4. An anti-siphon fill valve's critical-level (CL) mark has to sit at least 1 inch above the top of the overflow tube.
  5. Leave about 1/2 inch of slack in the flapper chain: too tight holds the flapper off its seat and the toilet runs; too slack and the handle can't lift it far enough to flush.
  6. Clip the refill tube to the overflow tube with its end above the water. It tops up the bowl after each flush; pushed down into the overflow it can siphon the tank.

Parts on the list

  • Fill valve with cone (shank) washer and tank locknut
  • Braided supply line, length to suit the stop
  • Flapper sized to the flush valve (2″ or 3″)
  • Lift chain and clip
  • Tank handle with trip arm
  • Refill tube and overflow clip

A summary for planning and training. Shut off the water at the stop and flush to empty the tank before you work on it. Follow the instructions that come with your fill valve and flapper and your local plumbing code.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

How much slack should a toilet flapper chain have?

About 1/2 inch. With no slack the chain holds the flapper slightly open and the toilet runs; with too much slack the handle can't lift the flapper far enough and the flush is weak or doesn't happen.

How tight should the nut under a toilet tank be?

Hand-tight, then about a quarter turn more. The cone washer only needs to be squeezed enough to seal; going further can crack the tank or strip plastic threads. Do the same on the supply line's coupling nut.

Where does the refill tube go?

From the nipple on the fill valve to a clip on the top of the overflow tube, with its end above the water. It refills the bowl after each flush. Don't push it down inside the overflow tube, where it can siphon water out of the tank.

Rebuild work, run end to end

RestoredOS carries a job from the first call through rebuild and billing, with the scope, materials and crew in one place.

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